Makina a PV osatetezedwa adzawonongeka mobwerezabwereza komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Izi zimabweretsa kukonzanso kwakukulu ndi ndalama zosinthira, kutsika kwadongosolo komanso kutayika kwa ndalama.
Zida zodzitchinjiriza bwino (SPDs) zidzachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphezi.
Ndife opanga zida zodalirika zoteteza maopaleshoni ku China okhazikika popanga ma SPD apamwamba kwambiri.
Pomvetsetsa bwino za miyezo ndi malamulo, LSP imapanga mamiliyoni a dc surge protection equipment (DC SPD) chaka chilichonse.
Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya DC surge protection device SPD malinga ndi IEC 61643-31:2018 ndi EN 61643-31:2019 (m'malo EN 50539-11:2013).
Type 1 + 2 DC Surge Protective Device SPD mpaka 1500 V DC ya photovoltaic PV / solar system, yoyesedwa pawokha chitetezo kudzera pa TUV ndi CB kuvomereza.
kwa 1500V DC
kwa 1000V DC
Kudalirika kwakukulu kogwira ntchito, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe anthawi yayitali mpaka 2000 A.
Max. magetsi opitilira Ucpv1000V 1500V
Lembani 1+2 / Kalasi I+II / Kalasi B
Kutulutsa kwamphamvu (10/350 μs) Iokwana = 12,5kA @ Mtundu 1
Kutulutsa kwamphamvu (10/350 μs) INdondocha = 6,25kA @ Mtundu 1
Kutulutsa mwadzina (8/20 μs) In = 20kA @ Mtundu 2
Kutulutsa kokwanira (8/20 μs) IMax = 40kA @ Mtundu 2
Zinthu zoteteza: Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) ndi Gas Discharge Tube (GDT)
Chida ichi choteteza mafunde a dzuwa cha SPD FLP-PVxxxG chimagwiritsa ntchito mabwalo a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) ndi Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) kuteteza zida zamagetsi ku spikes pamagetsi apano.
Nyumba ya Type 1+2 PV solar DC surge protection device SPD ndi kamangidwe kamene kamapangidwa ndi monoblock ndipo imapezeka kapena popanda kuyandama patali.
Chida chodalirika chamtundu wa 1+2 DC SPD chidapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo pakuyika mphezi ndi mawotchi. Pezani mtengo wa Type 1+2 DC SPD tsopano!
Chida ichi choteteza ma surge cha DC SPD Type 1+2, makina amagetsi a DC omwe ali ndi 600V 1000V 1200V 1500V 1000 V DC ali ndi nthawi yayitali mpaka XNUMX A.
Imalola kusinthidwa kwa chinthu choteteza (MOV), kuwonetsetsa kusavuta komanso kuchepetsa mtengo.
kwa 1500V DC
pa 1200 V DC
pa 1000 V DC
pa 600 V DC
Type 1+2 surge protection device SPD imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a 10/350 µs ndi 8/20 µs mphezi.
Type 1+2 PV Solar DC surge protection device SPD imateteza ku zovuta ndi zolakwika zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha overvoltage.
Max. magetsi opitilira Ucpv600V 1000V 1200V 1500V
Lembani 1+2 / Kalasi I+II / Kalasi B
Kutulutsa kwamphamvu (10/350 μs) INdondocha = 6,25kA @ Mtundu 1
Kutulutsa mwadzina (8/20 μs) In = 20kA @ Mtundu 2
Kutulutsa kokwanira (8/20 μs) IMax = 40kA @ Mtundu 2
Zinthu zoteteza: Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV)
DIN-Rail Type 1+2 AC surge protection device SPD ikhoza kukhala ndi kapena popanda chizindikiro chakutali.
Mtundu Wodalirika 1 + 2 Chipangizo choteteza dzuwa cha SPD chapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo pakuyika mphezi ndi mawotchi. Pezani mtengo wa Type 1+2 Solar SPD tsopano!
Chida ichi choteteza ma surge cha DC SPD Type 2, makina amagetsi a DC omwe ali ndi 600V 1000V 1200V 1500V 1000 V DC ali ndi nthawi yayitali mpaka XNUMX A.
Chida chachitetezo chamtundu wa 2 SPD chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mphezi a 8/20 µs.
kwa 1500V DC
kwa 1200V DC
kwa 1000V DC
kwa 600V DC
Chida chachitetezo cha DIN-Rail Type 2 DC SPD ndi chopangidwa ndi pluggable.
Max. magetsi opitilira Ucpv600V 1000V 1200V 1500V
Type 2/Class II/Class C
Kutulutsa mwadzina (8/20 μs) In = 20kA @ Mtundu 2
Kutulutsa kokwanira (8/20 μs) IMax = 40kA @ Mtundu 2
Zinthu zoteteza: Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV)
Type 2 solar DC surge chitetezo chida cha SPD SLP40-PV chovotera kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba kapena kuyikidwa mubokosi lopanda madzi kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito panja.
Chida chodalirika chamtundu wa 2 chachitetezo cha Solar SPD chidapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo pakuyika mphezi ndi mawotchi. Pezani mtengo wa Type 2 Solar SPD tsopano!
LSP idapanga zida zonse za 48V DC zoteteza maopaleshoni a SPD omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zida zolumikizidwa ndi magetsi a DC pakuwomba chifukwa cha mphezi.
Lembani 1 + 2 DC chipangizo choteteza chitetezo cha SPD
FLP25-DC75/1(S)+1 ya 48V DC
Type 1 + 2 DC surge protective device SPD
FLP7-DC65/2(S) ya 48V DC
Type 1+2 DC surge protector chipangizo SPD
FLP-DC65/2(S) ya 48V DC
Type 1 + 2 DC surge arrester SPD
FLP-DC85/2(S) ya 75V DC
Idayesedwa Mtundu wa 1 + 2 DC chida choteteza chitetezo cha SPD FLP-DC mndandanda malinga ndi IEC 61643-11: 2011 / EN 61643-11: 2012.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito ya Un48V, 75V
Max. mosalekeza ntchito voteji Uc: 65V, 75V, 85V
Lembani 1+2 / Kalasi I+II / Kalasi B+C
Kutulutsa kwamphamvu (10/350 μs) INdondocha = 4kA / 7kA / 25kA @ Mtundu 1
Kutulutsa mwadzina (8/20 μs) In = 15kA/20kA @ Type 2
Kutulutsa kokwanira (8/20 μs) IMax = 30kA / 50kA / 70kA @ Mtundu 2
Njira Yotetezera: DC +/PE, DC-/PE
Zinthu zoteteza: Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) ndi/kapena Gas Discharge Tube (GDT)
Chida chachitetezo cha 48V DC cha SPD FLP-DC chidavotera kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba kapena kuyikidwa mubokosi lopanda madzi kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito panja.
Chida chodalirika cha 48V DC choteteza maopaleshoni a SPD adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo pakuyika mphezi ndi maopaleshoni. Pezani mtengo wa 48V DC SPD tsopano!
LSP idapanga zida zonse za DC surge protection (SPDs) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zida zolumikizidwa ndi magetsi a DC motsutsana ndi mafunde chifukwa cha mphezi.
Type 2 DC surge chitetezo chipangizo SPD
SLP20-DC24/2(S) ya 12V DC
Type 1 + 2 DC surge protective device SPD
SLP20-DC38/2(S) ya 24V DC
Type 1+2 DC surge protector chipangizo SPD
SLP20-DC65/2(S) ya 48V DC
Idayesedwa Type 2 DC surge protection device SPD SLP20-DC mndandanda malinga ndi IEC 61643-11:2011 / EN 61643-11:2012.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito ya Un12V, 24V, 48V, 75V, 95V, 110V, 130V, 220V, 280V, 350V
Max. magetsi opitilira Uc24V, 38V, 65V, 100V, 125V, 150V, 180V, 275V, 350V, 460V
Type 2/Class II/Class C
Kutulutsa mwadzina (8/20 μs) In = 10kA @ Mtundu 2
Kutulutsa kokwanira (8/20 μs) IMax = 20kA @ Mtundu 2
Njira Yotetezera: DC +/PE, DC-/PE
Zinthu Zoteteza: Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV)
Chida chachitetezo cha DIN-Rail Type 2 DC SPD ndi chopangidwa ndi pluggable.
Chida chodalirika chamtundu wa 2 DC SPD chidapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira pakuyika mphezi ndi mawotchi. Pezani mtengo wa Type 2 DC SPD tsopano!
DIN-Rail Type 2 DC surge chitetezo chida SPD SLP-DC mndandanda adavotera kuti agwiritse ntchito m'nyumba kapena amaikidwa m'bokosi lopanda madzi kuti agwiritse ntchito panja.
pa 12 V DC
pa 24 V DC
pa 48 V DC
pa 75 V DC
pa 95 V DC
pa 110 V DC
Chida ichi chamtundu wa 2 DC choteteza SPD chikhoza kukhala ndi kapena popanda chizindikiro chakutali.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito ya Un12V, 24V, 48V, 75V, 95V, 110V, 130V
voteji yosalekeza ya Uc15V, 30V, 56V, 85V, 100V, 125V, 150V
Type 2/Class II/Class C
Kutulutsa mwadzina (8/20 μs) In = 2kA @ Mtundu 2
Kutulutsa kokwanira (8/20 μs) IMax = 6kA @ Mtundu 2
Njira Yotetezera: DC +/PE, DC-/PE
Zinthu Zoteteza: Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV)
Chida chachitetezo cha DIN-Rail Type 2 DC SPD ndi chopangidwa ndi pluggable.
Chida chodalirika chamtundu wa 2 DC SPD chidapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira pakuyika mphezi ndi mawotchi. Pezani mtengo wa Type 2 DC SPD tsopano!
Ma Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) amapereka chitetezo kumayendedwe amagetsi ndi ma spikes, kuphatikiza omwe amachititsidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi mphezi.
M'malo okhala ndi mphezi pafupipafupi, makina a PV osatetezedwa amawonongeka mobwerezabwereza komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Izi zimabweretsa kukonzanso kwakukulu ndi ndalama zosinthira, kutsika kwadongosolo komanso kutayika kwa ndalama.
Zida zodzitchinjiriza bwino (SPDs) zidzachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphezi.
Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamakina a PV monga AC/DC Inverter, zida zowunikira, ndi gulu la PV ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi zida zodzitetezera (SPD).
Chida choteteza ma surge protective (SPD) chidapangidwa kuti chiteteze nsonga zamphamvu zamagetsi kuti zisafike pazida zovutirapo motero zimatha kuwononga.
Ngati idapangidwa bwino, SPD imagwira ntchito bwanji mudongosolo la DC?
Magetsi ochulukira (kupitilira muyeso wa zida) amalepheretsedwa kuti asamangidwe ndi kutulutsa mphamvu koyendetsedwa pakati pa ma conductor a DC kapena AC omwe akhudzidwa.
Ngati kugwirizana kwapansi kulipo pa SPD, SPD imayang'aniranso kusiyana kwa magetsi pakati pa nthaka ndi ma conductor ena.
Ngati ndi kotheka, mphamvu imatulutsidwa kuti tipewe kusiyanasiyana kwamagetsi ochulukirapo monga pakuchita opaleshoni. Kuti izi zigwire bwino ntchito, njira yopita pansi iyenera kukhala yosakanizidwa pang'ono.
Ma SPD sangateteze ku mphamvu yayitali kwa masekondi kapena mphindi zingapo. Izi ziyenera kupewedwa ndi kukula kwadongosolo koyenera.
1. Onetsetsani kuti dongosolo lanu ndi SPD zili ndi mgwirizano wabwino, wochepa wotsutsa pansi.
2. Fananizani chipangizo chotetezera mawotchi ndi zolowetsa za zida zanu zosinthira mphamvu zomwe mukufuna kuziteteza poonetsetsa kuti "Uc” voteji pazida zodzitchinjiriza pazida zodzitchinjiriza ali kapena pang'ono (makamaka 0 mpaka 10 V) pamwamba pa voteji yopitilira pa ma conductor kuti atetezedwe, kapena kuchuluka kwamagetsi kwa zida zamagetsi zolumikizidwa.
Ngati a SPD "Uc” Chiyembekezo chakwera kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yolumikizidwa, sichingatetezenso bwino pakuwonjezedwa kwamagetsi. SPD idzateteza zida kapena zida poyendetsa bwino kwambiri mphamvu yamagetsi yopitilira "Uc” ndipo sizidzasokoneza ma voltages pansi pa “Uc".
3. LSP imalimbikitsa kuteteza osachepera PV kulowetsa kwa chowongolera kapena inverter/chaja ndipo ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi yapagulu, tetezaninso ma AC.
4. Ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za PV, onetsetsani kuti chipangizo chotetezera mawotchichi chikuvotera ma voltages a DC, ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za AC, onetsetsani kuti SPD imayikidwa pamagetsi a AC.
Zida zodzitchinjiriza zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutsika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawotchi. Pazomera za PV, ma SPD amayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso kutulutsa mphamvu.
Popanga chomera cha PV, ndikofunikira kuganizira za kukhazikitsa zida zoteteza ma surge (SPDs). Kuthamanga ndi kusokonezeka kwa maukonde kungayambitse kuchepa, kuchepetsa ntchito ya zomera.
Chifukwa chake, zikhalidwe zilizonse zomwe zimakhudza kupanga ndi kugawa mphamvu ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga kukhazikitsa magetsi.
Ma sola amaikidwa panja kuti asinthe mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala magetsi. Malo akunjawa amawapangitsa kuti azikumana ndi zovuta monga mvula, mphepo ndi fumbi. Pakati pa nyengo kugunda kwamphezi kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera chifukwa kumatha kukhudza kwambiri chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a chomera cha PV.
Amachokera mumtambo wa cumulonimbus ndipo amathera pansi. Mphenzi ikagunda pansi, imatulutsa mphamvu, zomwe zimakhudza gawo lamagetsi pansi. Kwa chomera cha solar PV izi zimakhala ndi zoopsa ziwiri:
Ponena za kukhudzidwa kwachindunji, 'External Lightning Protects' (ELP) imapereka chitetezo chofunikira molingana ndi IEC 62305, yomwe imafotokoza momwe mungawunikire ngati malo anu akufunika chitetezo chotere, komanso njira yomwe ingakonde (ma meshed cages, air terminal, etc.).
Lingaliro ndi losavuta: onetsetsani kuti mphezi idzagunda ndodo yachitsulo yomwe imayikidwa pamtunda wapamwamba wa chomera chanu ndikuchotsa mphamvuyo pansi kupyolera mwa kondakitala wamkuwa.
Zikafika pazowonjezera zodutsa, komabe, ma SPD amafunikira. Amayikidwa mofanana mu matabwa otetezera dera kuti atembenuzire mphamvu pansi ndikuchepetsa kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wotere wovomerezeka ku zida zomaliza.
ELP ikangokhazikitsidwa pafakitale ya PV, ndikofunikira kuti SPD iyikidwenso. Ngati chomera cha PV chilibe zida za ELP, kuyika kwa SPD kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti achepetse kusokoneza kwa netiweki (kupitilira kwanthawi kochepa).
Kutsimikizira mphamvu idzayenderera pansi choyamba kuchepetsa overvoltages chofunika kwambiri ndi Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV).
Chigawochi chili ndi zoyenera kotero kuti muzochitika zabwino (palibe ma overvoltages) kukana kumakhala kokwanira kuti zisapangitse kuti mafunde omwe amatha kudutsamo.
Kuyambira pa mlingo wina wa overvoltage, kukana kudzatsika mofulumira, kutsegulira njira pansi ndikubwerera ku chikhalidwe chachibadwa pamene mphamvu yatha.
Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa overvoltage kufikira zida zonse zolumikizidwa kunsi kwa mtsinje.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma SPD omwe amapezeka omwe amasiyana malinga ndi kukana: Type 1, Type 2, ndi Type 1 +2. A Type 1 SPD amatha kuthana ndi kumenyedwa kwachindunji komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito mwamphamvu, pomwe Type 2 imaletsa kupitilira mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe onsewa amatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala "Mtundu 1+2" kuti atetezedwe kwathunthu.
M'zomera za PV zovuta ndikusankha chitetezo choyenera cha mafunde kuti mupirire mphamvu zoyera za 10/350 µs (pafupifupi nthawi 10 zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa 2 wa 8/20 µs waveform) pomwe nthawi yomweyo ndikuganizira za malo.
Mu inverter kapena malo ophatikizira bokosi nthawi zonse amakhala patsogolo. Kuti achulukitse malo omwe alipo, ma SPD a LSP amagwiritsa ntchito kuya kwa mpanda pazinthu zamphamvu ndikuzama kwa chipangizocho.
Ndi mndandanda watsopano wa FLP-PV & SLP-PV, ma board onse a AC ndi DC oteteza madera oyika sola amatha kutetezedwa kumagetsi ochulukirapo chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi kapena kusokonezeka kwa maukonde.
Ma solar array, monga zida zonse zamagetsi, amatha kuwonjezereka kwamagetsi omwe amatha kuvulaza zigawo ndikuwonjezera nthawi yopumira. Zida zoteteza ma Surge zitha kuthandizira kuti machitidwe aziyenda komanso opindulitsa.
Woteteza mawotchi amathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zamagetsi popatutsa magetsi owonjezera kuchokera ku chingwe chamagetsi "chotentha" kupita ku waya woyambira.
M'malo ambiri oteteza maopaleshoni, izi zimatheka kudzera muzitsulo zachitsulo oxide varistor (MOV), chidutswa cha chitsulo okusayidi cholumikizidwa ku mphamvu ndi mizere yoyambira ndi ma semiconductors awiri.
Ma solar arrays nawonso ndi zida zamagetsi ndipo motero amatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha mafunde. Makanema adzuwa amakonda kugunda kwambiri chifukwa cha malo ake akulu komanso malo owonekera, monga padenga la nyumba kapena pansi pamalo otseguka.
Ngati ma solar agunda mwachindunji, mphezi imatha kuwotcha mabowo pazida kapena kuyambitsa kuphulika, ndipo dongosolo lonselo limawonongeka.
Koma zotsatira za kuyatsa ndi ma overvoltages ena sizimawonekera mochititsa chidwi nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zachiwiri za zochitikazi sizingakhudze zigawo zazikulu zokha monga ma modules ndi inverters, komanso machitidwe owonetsetsa, machitidwe oyendetsa tracker ndi malo a nyengo.
Kutayika kwa gawo la PV kumangotanthauza kutayika kwa chingwe, pamene kutayika kwa inverter yapakati kudzatanthawuza kutaya mphamvu kwa gawo lalikulu la zomera.
Chifukwa zida zonse zamagetsi zimatha kuphulika, ma SPD amapezeka pazigawo zonse za solar. Mitundu yamafakitale yazidazi imagwiritsanso ntchito metal oxide varistors (MOV) kuphatikiza ndi zida zina zapamwamba kuti ziwonjezeke pakuwotcha mpaka pansi. Chifukwa chake, ma SPD nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pambuyo pokhazikika pokhazikika.
Ganizirani za chithunzi chamagetsi chamzere umodzi woyika ndikuyika ma SPD kuchokera kuzinthu zofunikira kupita ku zida zotsatsira, pezani chitetezo champhamvu pazipata zazikulu kuti muteteze ku mawotchi akuluakulu odutsa ndi mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono pansi panjira zovuta zopita kumapeto kwa zida.
Netiweki ya SPD iyenera kuyikidwa pagawo lonse lamagetsi a AC ndi DC kuti muteteze mabwalo ofunikira. Ma SPD akuyenera kuyikidwa pa zolowetsa za DC ndi zotulutsa za AC za makina osinthira makina (ma) ndi kuyikidwa poyang'ana pansi pamizere yabwino komanso yoyipa ya DC. Chitetezo cha AC chiyenera kuyikidwa pa kondakitala aliyense pansi. Mabwalo ophatikizira amayeneranso kutetezedwa, monganso mabwalo onse oyang'anira komanso njira zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira kuti apewe kusokoneza ndi kutayika kwa data.
Zikafika pamakina azamalonda ndi othandizira, LSP ikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la 10m. Pamakhazikitsidwe okhala ndi chingwe cha DC kutalika kwa 10 m), chitetezo cha solar cha DC chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamalo abwino monga ma inverter, mabokosi ophatikizira kapena pafupi ndi ma module a solar. Pamakhazikitsidwe okhala ndi ma cabling a DC opitilira 10 m, chitetezo cha ma surge chiyenera kuyikidwa pa ma inverter ndi ma module kumapeto kwa zingwe.
Makina oyendera dzuwa okhala ndi ma microinverter ali ndi ma cabling amfupi kwambiri a DC, koma zingwe zazitali za AC. SPD yoyikidwa pabokosi lophatikizira imatha kuteteza nyumbayo kumayendedwe angapo. SPD yomwe ili pagulu lalikulu imatha kuteteza nyumbayo kuti isamangidwenso, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zimachokera ku mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zida zina zamkati.
M'makina aliwonse amtundu uliwonse, ma SPD amayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo molingana ndi malingaliro opanga ndikuyika ndi ma code amagetsi kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo ndikuchita bwino.
Njira zowonjezera, monga kuwonjezera ma terminals amphezi, zitha kuchitidwa kuti muteteze gulu la solar makamaka ku mphezi. Ma SPD sangalepheretse kuwonongeka kwakuthupi kuchokera kumphezi yolunjika.
Kuchulukitsa kumatha kuchitika pamagetsi amagetsi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Itha kuyambitsidwa ndi:
Monga nyumba zonse zakunja, makhazikitsidwe a PV amakhala pachiwopsezo cha mphezi zomwe zimasiyana dera ndi dera. Njira zopewera ndikumanga ziyenera kukhala m'malo.
Chitetezo choyamba kukhazikitsa ndi sing'anga (wochititsa) yemwe amatsimikizira kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pazigawo zonse za PV.
Cholinga ndikumanga ma conductor onse okhala pansi ndi zitsulo ndipo potero apange kuthekera kofanana pazonse zomwe zidayikidwa.
Ma SPD ndiofunikira makamaka kuteteza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi monga AC / DC Inverter, zida zowunikira ndi ma module a PV, komanso zida zina zoyipa zoyendetsedwa ndi netiweki yamagetsi ya 230 VAC. Njira zotsatirazi zowunikira zoopsa zimakhazikitsidwa pakuwunika kwakutali Lkutsutsa ndi kuyerekeza kwake ndi L kutalika kwa mizere ya dc.
Chitetezo cha SPD chimafunika ngati L-Lkutsutsa.
Lkutsutsa zimatengera mtundu wa kukhazikitsa kwa PV ndipo amawerengedwa monga tebulo ili pansipa:
Mtundu wa unsembe | Nyumba zogona aliyense | Chomera chopanga chapadziko lapansi | Ntchito / Industrial / Zaulimi / Zomangamanga |
Lkutsutsa (mu mamita) | 115 / Ng | 200 / Ng | 450 / Ng |
L ≥ Lkutsutsa | Zipangizo zotetezera (zida) zofunikira pa DC | ||
L <Lkutsutsa | Zipangizo zodzitchinjiriza sizokakamiza kumbali ya DC | ||
L ndi kuchuluka kwa:
Ng ndi kuchuluka kwa mphezi (kuchuluka kwa kugunda/km2/chaka).
Location | Ma PV kapena ma Array box |
| Mbali ya Inverter DC | Mbali ya Inverter AC |
| Bolodi yayikulu | |
| LDC |
| LAC | Ndodo ya mphezi | |||
Zotsatira | <10 m | > 10 m |
| <10 m | > 10 m | inde | Ayi |
Mtundu wa SPD | Posafunikira | "SPD 1" Lembani 2 | "SPD 2" Lembani 2 | Posafunikira | "SPD 3" Lembani 2 | "SPD 4" Lembani 2 | "SPD 4" Lembani 2 ngati Ng> 2.5 & mzere wapamwamba |
Chiwerengero ndi malo a SPDs kumbali ya DC zimadalira kutalika kwa zingwe pakati pa solar panels ndi inverter. SPD iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi inverter ngati kutalika kuli kosakwana 10 metres. Ngati ndi yaikulu kuposa mamita a 10, SPD yachiwiri ndiyofunikira ndipo iyenera kukhala mu bokosi pafupi ndi solar panel, yoyamba ili m'dera la inverter.
Kuti zikhale zogwira mtima, zingwe zolumikizira za SPD ku L+ / L- netiweki komanso pakati pa SPD's earth terminal block ndi ground busbar ziyenera kukhala zazifupi momwe zingathere - zosakwana 2.5 metres (d1+d2<50 cm).
Kupanga mphamvu kotetezeka komanso kodalirika kwa photovoltaic
Kutengera mtunda wapakati pa gawo la "jenereta" ndi gawo la "kutembenuka", kungakhale kofunikira kukhazikitsa oyika ma surge awiri kapena kupitilira apo, kuti ateteze gawo lililonse.
Dongosolo la PV likakhala pamalo opangira mafakitale, ntchito zamabizinesi ndi zida zili pachiwopsezo. Ma inverters ndi okwera mtengo, koma pamafakitale, kulephera kokwera mtengo kwambiri ndi mtengo wanthawi yopumira.
Mphenzi ikagunda kachitidwe ka solar PV, imayambitsa kupangika kwakanthawi komanso mphamvu mkati mwa waya wa waya wa PV.
Mafunde osakhalitsa awa ndi ma voltages aziwoneka pamalo opangira zida ndipo mwina amayambitsa kutsekeka ndi kulephera kwa dielectric mkati mwa zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi za solar PV monga mapanelo a PV, inverter, zida zowongolera ndi zoyankhulirana, komanso zida zoyika nyumbayo.
Bokosi losanjikiza, inverter, ndi MPPT (maximum power point tracker) zili ndi zolephera kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa mphamvu zambiri kuti zisadutse pamagetsi ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamagetsi pamakina a PV, mafunde amagetsi amayenera kukhala ndi njira yopita pansi.
Kuti muchite izi, malo onse oyendetsa ayenera kukhala okhazikika ndipo mawaya onse omwe amalowa ndikutuluka mudongosolo (monga zingwe za Efaneti ndi ma ac mains) azilumikizidwa pansi kudzera mu SPD.
Chipangizo choteteza chitetezo chimafunika pagulu lililonse la zingwe mkati mwa bokosi losanjikiza, bokosi lophatikizira, komanso dc disconnect.
Utali, mawonekedwe osongoka, ndi kudzipatula ndizomwe zimatsimikizira komwe mphezi imawombera. Ndi nthano kuti zitsulo zimakopa mphezi.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti mosasamala kanthu komwe famu ya PV ili, kapena mawonekedwe a zinthu zilizonse zapafupi, ma SPD ndi ofunikira pa dongosolo lililonse la PV chifukwa cha kutengeka kwawo kumenyedwa molunjika komanso kosalunjika.
Machitidwe a PV ali ndi makhalidwe apadera, omwe amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma SPD omwe amapangidwira machitidwe a PV.
Makina a PV ali ndi ma voltages apamwamba a dc mpaka 1500 volts. Mphamvu zawo zazikuluzikulu zimagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono pansi pa dongosolo lalifupi lamagetsi.
Kuti mudziwe gawo loyenera la SPD pamakina a PV ndikuyika kwake, muyenera kudziwa:
Zofunikira za SPD pakuyika komwe kumatetezedwa ndi njira yoteteza mphezi yakunja (LPS) zimadalira gulu lomwe lasankhidwa la LPS komanso ngati mtunda wolekanitsa pakati pa LPS ndi kuyika kwa PV uli paokha kapena osadzipatula.
IEC 62305-3 imafotokoza za mtunda wolekanitsa zofunikira za LPS yakunja.
Kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo, mulingo wachitetezo chamagetsi wa SPD (Up) iyenera kukhala yotsika ndi 20% kuposa mphamvu ya dielectric ya zida zamakina zamakina.
Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito SPD yokhala ndi kagawo kakang'ono kolimbana ndi mphamvu yaposachedwa kuposa mphamvu yanthawi yayitali ya chingwe cha solar chomwe SPD imalumikizidwa nacho.
SPD yomwe imaperekedwa pazotulutsa za dc iyenera kukhala ndi dc MCOV yofanana kapena yokulirapo kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yapagulu.
Mphezi ikagunda pamalo A (onani Chithunzi 1), gulu la solar PV ndi inverter zitha kuwonongeka. Ndi inverter yokha yomwe ingawonongeke ngati mphezi igunda pamalo B.
Komabe, inverter nthawi zambiri imakhala yodula kwambiri mkati mwa dongosolo la PV, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha bwino ndikuyika SPD yolondola pamizere ya ac ndi dc. Kuyandikira kwambiri kugunda kwa inverter, m'pamenenso inverter imawonongeka kwambiri.
Magwero a PV ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri apano ndi ma voltage kuposa magwero achikhalidwe a dc: ali ndi mawonekedwe osatsata mzere ndipo amayambitsa kulimbikira kwanthawi yayitali kwa ma arcs oyaka.
Chifukwa chake, magwero apano a PV samangofuna masiwichi akuluakulu a PV ndi ma fusesi a PV, komanso cholumikizira cha chipangizo choteteza opareshoni chomwe chimasinthidwa ku chikhalidwe chapaderachi komanso chotha kuthana ndi mafunde a PV.
Ma SPD omwe amayikidwa kumbali ya dc amayenera kupangidwira nthawi zonse kuti agwiritse ntchito ma dc. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa SPD kumbali yolakwika ya ac kapena dc ndikoopsa pansi pa zolakwika.
Ma SPD akagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali ya dc, ayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kumbali ya ac chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kungathe kuchitika.
Chitetezo cha surge ndichofunikanso mbali ya ac monga momwe zilili ku mbali ya dc. Onetsetsani kuti SPD idapangidwira mbali ya ac.
Kuti chitetezo chokwanira, SPD iyenera kukulitsidwa makamaka pamakina. Kusankhidwa koyenera kudzatsimikizira chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ndi moyo wautali kwambiri.
Kumbali ya ac, ma inverters angapo amatha kulumikizidwa ku SPD yomweyo ngati agawana kulumikizana kwa gridi komweko.
Ma SPD ayenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse kumtunda kwa zida zomwe aziteteza. NFPA 780 12.4.2.1 imanena kuti chitetezo cha surge chidzaperekedwa pa mphamvu ya dc ya solar panel kuchokera ku zabwino mpaka pansi ndi zoipa mpaka pansi, pa chophatikizira ndi bokosi lophatikizira la ma solar angapo, ndi kutulutsa kwa ac kwa inverter.
Kuyika koyenera kwa SPD kumadalira zinthu zitatu, zomwe ndi:
Location | PV modules ndi masanjidwe mabokosi dc mbali | Inverter dc mbali | Inverter ac mbali | Mphezi (pa mainboard) | |||
Utali wa zingwe | > 10m | n / A | > 10m | inde | Ayi | ||
Mtundu wa SPD woti mugwiritse ntchito | n / A | Lembani 2 | Lembani 2 | n / A | Lembani 2 | Lembani 1 | Lembani 2 ngati Ng> 2.5 ndi mzere wapamwamba |
Zingwe zamakina a PV nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa mtunda wautali kuti zithe kufika polumikizira gululi. Komabe, kutalika kwa zingwe zazitali sikuvomerezedwa, ndipo makina a PV ali kutali ndi izi.
Izi ndichifukwa choti kusokoneza kwamagetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa mphezi kumawonjezeka potengera kutalika kwa zingwe ndi malupu a conductor. Kuchulukana kwakanthawi kochepa kumachitika, kutsika kwamagetsi kulikonse mu zingwe zolumikizira kumatha kufooketsa chitetezo cha SPD. Izi sizingachitike ngati zingwe zikuyenda kuti zikhale zazifupi momwe zingathere.
Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyomwe imathandizira kwambiri pakulephera kwa chingwe, ndipo kugunda kulikonse pa chingwe kumathandizira kuti mphamvu yotchingira chingwe iwonongeke.
Ngati kuwonjezereka kumalowetsedwa mu dongosolo la PV loyima lokha (dongosolo lomwe liri kutali ndi gridi yamagetsi), zida zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi a dzuwa, monga zipangizo zamankhwala kapena madzi, zikhoza kusokonezeka.
Malo ndi kuchuluka kwa ma SPD kuyika kumbali ya dc kumadalira kutalika kwa chingwe pakati pa solar panel ndi inverter (onani Table).
Ngati kutalika kuli kochepera mamita 10, ndiye kuti SPD imodzi yokha ndiyofunikira ndipo SPD iyenera kuikidwa mkati mwa malo omwewo monga inverter. Ngati kutalika kwa chingwe kuli koposa mamita 10, kenaka yikani SPD imodzi pafupi ndi inverter komanso SPD yachiwiri mu bokosi lomwe lili pafupi ndi solar panel.
Njira zingwe zopewera malupu akuluakulu a kondakitala. Mizere ya Ac ndi dc ndi mizere ya data iyenera kuyendetsedwa pamodzi ndi ma equipotential bonding conductors panjira yonseyo kuti zitsimikizire kuti malupu a kondakitala sapangidwa kuti asayendetse zingwe zingapo kapena polumikiza chosinthira ku gridi yolumikizira.
Zindikirani:
Utali wa chingwe cholumikiza SPD ku katundu uyenera kukhala waufupi momwe ungathere komanso osapitilira 10 metres. Ngati kutalika kwa chingwe kuli kotalika kuposa mamita 10, SPD yachiwiri ndiyofunikira. Kutalikirana kwatali, kumawonekeranso kwambiri kwa mphezi.
Mafamu a PV ali ndi zida zovutirapo kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo chokulirapo. Chifukwa minda ya PV imapanga mphamvu yachindunji (dc), ma inverters (omwe ali ofunikira kuti asinthe mphamvuyi kuchokera ku dc kupita ku ac) ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga kwawo magetsi.
Tsoka ilo, ma inverters sikuti amangogwidwa ndi mphezi koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. NFPA 780 12.4.2.3 imafuna ma SPD owonjezera pa kulowetsa kwa dc kwa inverter ngati inverter ya dongosolo ili yoposa mamita 30 kuchokera ku chophatikizira chapafupi kwambiri kapena bokosi lophatikizira.
Ikani SPD pakati pa fuse ndi inverter ngati pali zoteteza zingwe (monga fuse, dc breakers kapena string diode) (onani Chithunzi 2).
Chithunzi 2 - SPD molondola komanso molakwika kulumikizidwa ndi inverter yokhala ndi zingwe zoteteza
Kuti mugwirizane ndi SPD pamene pali inverter yokhala ndi bokosi la fuse lophatikizika, onetsetsani kuti ma fuse amkati akudutsa ndi kuti zingwe zakunja zigwirizane (onani Chithunzi 3). Ma SPD ayenera kuyikidwa kunja kwa inverter ndi mpanda wa NEMA Type-3R kapena kupitilira apo ngati ndi pulogalamu yakunja.
Chithunzi 3 - SPD yolumikizidwa ndi inverter yokhala ndi bokosi lophatikizika la fuse
Ma inverters a zingwe ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi zingwe momwe angathere. Zingwe za SPD zomwe zimalumikizana ndi netiweki ya L+/L-, komanso pakati pa chipika cha SPD ndi bar yapansi, ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 2.5 metres.
Kufupikitsa zingwe zolumikizira, chitetezo chidzakhala chogwira ntchito komanso chotsika mtengo. Kwa ma inverters okhala ndi tracker imodzi yokha ya MPP, phatikizani chingwe pamaso pa inverter ndikulumikiza ku SPD pamalo olumikizirana.
Kuphatikiza kwa SPD kuyenera kukonzedwa pazolowera zilizonse pomwe inverter ili ndi ma tracker angapo a MPP. SPD iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolowetsa zilizonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi diode ya zingwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za photovoltaic popanda chitetezo choyenera cha opaleshoni ndizoposa bizinesi yoopsa - ndizosasamala.
Kuti mapulaneti a dzuwa akhale tsogolo la dziko lobiriwira, ayenera kutetezedwa.
Kuchitika kwa mphezi sikungatheke, motero chitetezo ndichofunika.
Chiwopsezo cha ma Photovoltaic system pakuwomba kwa mphezi - zonse mwachindunji komanso mosalunjika - zikutanthauza kuti ziyenera kumangidwa ndi chitetezo chodalirika komanso choyikidwa bwino.
Chipangizo chodalirika cha LSP cha DC choteteza chitetezo cha SPD chapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo pakuyika mphezi ndi mawotchi. Lumikizanani ndi Akatswiri athu!
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