AC Surge Protector

AC surge protector Group Type 1 Surge protection device & Type 2 SPD & Tyype 3 surge protective device

Top AC Surge Protector Manufacturer in ChinaSetting the Standard for Reliability and Innovation

At LSP, we design AC Surge Protector Devices with one purpose: uncompromising protection for your critical systems. Built on strict IEC/EN 61643-11 standards and modular architecture compatible with 3+1 and 4+0 configurations, our solutions ensure seamless integration wherever protection is needed.

Using premium components from global leaders such as Phoenix Contact—featuring MOV and GDT technologies—our portfolio spans Type 1 SPDs, Type 2 SPDs, and Type 3 SPDs, delivering certified surge protection for every application, from renewable energy and telecom to industrial automation.

LSP ensures long-term reliability while maintaining flexibility and compliance with international standards.

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How to Choose an AC Surge Protector

Choosing an AC Surge Protector shouldn’t be a headache. It’s simply about matching your site’s risks to your equipment’s needs. We’ve simplified the technical details below to help you pinpoint the exact configuration for a safe, compliant, and reliable system.

Quick Selection Guide for AC Surge Protectors

Current SituationQuick Selection
At the building service entrance, where the SPD needs to withstand high-energy lightning currentsConsider Type 1 or Type 1+2 SPD
The building is exposed to direct lightning strikes, or lightning current protection is required at the main power entranceSelect Type 1 / Type 1+2 SPD
One SPD is required to provide both lightning current and induced surge protectionSelect Type 1+2 SPD
At the main or distribution board, primarily protecting against induced lightning and switching surgesTypically select Type 2 SPD
Type 1 / Type 1+2 SPD is already installed upstream, and the current installation is at a downstream distribution levelTypically select Type 2 SPD
Installed close to sensitive electronic equipment where further reduction of residual overvoltage is requiredSelect Type 3 or Type 2+3 SPD
The main circuit breaker has a relatively low current rating, but the SPD installation location has a high lightning exposure riskDo not select Type 2 based solely on the main circuit breaker rating; consider the lightning exposure and installation location
Unsure how many poles are requiredFirst identify the power system, such as TN-C, TN-S, TT, or IT, then determine the required SPD poles and protection mode
Unsure about the SPD operating voltageDetermine the corresponding SPD Uc based on the rated grid voltage Un
The SPD Type has been determined, but the specific model is unclearFor detailed model selection, switch to the Model Selection Rules section and select the appropriate model based on the system voltage, power system, number of poles, backup protection, and required surge current capacity.

Not sure if you need Type 1 or Type 2? Let our team confirm based on your building’s risk profile.

AC Surge Protector Model Selection Rules

Recommended Installation LocationType LPZ / Lightning Exposure LevelMain Circuit BreakerSPD Backup Protection TN-S System TN-C System TT System
MCCB/MCBFuseSingle-PhaseThree-PhaseSingle-PhaseThree-PhaseSingle-PhaseThree-Phase
Service Entrance / Main Distribution Board

Type 1

LPZ 0A → LPZ 1

ACB ≥ 630A
MCCB: 630A ~ 315A
200A315A ~ 250A

FLP25-275/2(s)

FLP25-275/1(s)+1

FLP25-275/4(s)

FLP25-275/3(s)+1

FLP25-275/1(s)FLP25-275/3(s)

FLP25-275/1(s)

FLP25-275/1(s)+1

FLP25-275/3(s)+1
Service Entrance / Main Distribution Board

Type 1+2

LPZ 0A/0B → LPZ 2

MCCB: 400A ~ 200A125A ~ 100A125A

FLP12,5-275/2(s)

FLP12,5-275/1(s)+1

FLP12,5-275/4(s)

FLP12,5-275/3(s)+1

FLP12,5-275/1(s)FLP12,5-275/3(s)

FLP12,5-275/1(s)

FLP12,5-275/1(s)+1

FLP12,5-275/3(s)+1
Service Entrance / Main Distribution Board

Type 1+2

LPZ 0A/0B → LPZ 2

MCCB: 200A80A ~ 50A80A

FLP7-275/2(s) ,

FLP7-275/1(s)+1

FLP7-275/4(s)

FLP7-275/3(s)+1

FLP7-275/1(s)FLP7-275/3(s)

FLP7-275/1(s)

FLP7-275/1(s)+1

FLP7-275/3(s)+1
Main / Sub-Distribution Board

Type 2

LPZ 1 → LPZ 2

MCCB: 100A ~ 63A40A ~ 32A40A ~ 32A

SLP40-275/2(s)

SLP40-275/1(s)+1

SLP40-275/4(s)

SLP40-275/3(s)+1

SLP40-275/1(s)SLP40-275/3(s)

SLP40-275/1(s)

SLP40-275/1(s)+1

SLP40-275/3(s)+1
Sub-Distribution / Final Distribution Board

Type 2+3

LPZ 2 → LPZ 3

MCB: 32A20A20A

SLP20-275/2(s)

SLP20-275/1(s)+1

SLP20-275/4(s)

SLP20-275/3(s)+1

SLP20-275/1(s)SLP20-275/3(s)

SLP20-275/1(s)

SLP20-275/1(s)+1

SLP20-275/3(s)+1
Final Circuit / Near Sensitive Equipment

Type 3

LPZ 2 → LPZ 3

/16A ~ 10A16A ~ 10ATLP-255/2(s)/TLP-255/2(s)/TLP-255/2(s)/

Provide your system voltage and pole configuration to receive the specific part numbers for your project.

Our AC Surge Protector Series

At LSP, we’ve developed a complete lineup of AC surge protectors to ensure no part of your electrical infrastructure is left vulnerable. From heavy-duty industrial grids to residential consumer units, our Type 1, 2, and 3 devices are all strictly built to IEC/EN 61643-11 standards. We don’t just offer products; we provide a standardized shield that stands up to lightning strikes and unexpected voltage transients in any environment.
All AC Surge Protetor
Type 1 Surge Protector
Type 1+2 Surge Protection Device
Type 1+2+3 Surge Protection
Type 2 SPD
Type 2+3 SPD
Type 3 Surge Protector
Type 1 AC Surge Protective Device SPD FLP25-275-3S+1
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Type 1+2 AC Surge Protective Device SPD FLP12,5-275-3S+1
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Type 2 AC Surge Protective Device SPD SLP40-275-3S+1
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Type 2 AC Surge Protective Device SPD SLP40-275-3S
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Type 2+3 AC Surge Protective Device SPD SLP20-275-1S+1
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Type 3 AC Surge Protective Device SPD TLP-255
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1 2 3 4 5 6

Maximize Protection and Reliability for Your Electrical Systems

As one of the best surge protector brands, LSP ensures unmatched protection and reliability, safeguarding your electrical systems with superior performance.

Better Surge Protection
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Certified with 8/20 waveform and 10/350 waveform tests, our SPD endures In = 20kA (±5 times) and Imax = 40kA (±1 time), ensuring it performs excellently under both lightning and switching surges, offering complete protection to your electrical systems.

Better Moisture Resistance
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Unlike traditional SPDs with basic moisture protection, our MOV encapsulation design prevents moisture infiltration, reducing failure risks and extending lifespan in humid environments, ensuring stable performance.

Increase in Fire Safety
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Our SPD features an internally developed tripping mechanism that isolates and extinguishes arcs, preventing fires and ensuring safe disconnection even under extreme lightning conditions, providing maximum safety for your equipment.

Increase in Durability
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Our Surge Protection Device uses reinforced metal contacts (8 mm × 0.8 mm). This robust design enhances conduction and strength, enabling the device to withstand high surges while ensuring stable, long-term protection for connected equipment.

Traditional AC SPD VS Our New AC SPD

Innovative Design and Advanced Safety Features

Benefit from high-precision AC surge protector with robust durability. Features such as fast response mechanisms, optimized clamping voltage, and advanced MOV/GDT components safely redirect surges, extending the lifespan of sensitive equipment while maintaining consistent performance.

AC Surge Protective Device SPD We use high-quality MOVs from LKD and GDTs from Vactech

We use high-quality MOVs from LKD and GDTs from Vactech to ensure the stability and lightning protection performance of our AC surge protectors.

AC Surge Protector Device SPD Thick Metal Parts

Robust metal lead pins (0.8 mm thick, 8 mm wide) withstand high electrical potentials without breaking.

Surge Protection Device module Metal Oxide Varistors MOV

Our R&D team’s optimized low-temperature trip mechanism and advanced soldering process enhance arc suppression and fire prevention.

AC Surge Protector Device SPD Flame-retardant plastic casings provide superior flame resistance
Flame-retardant plastic casings provide superior flame resistance. Premium brass, red copper, and phosphor bronze components ensure corrosion resistance, even during sea transport.
AC Surge Protective Device SPD Rigorous Testing

Every AC surge protector undergoes rigorous testing; only devices meeting our standards are approved. All AC Surge Protectors are TUV, CB, and CE certified.

99.99% Surge Protection

Our Continuous SPDs Improvement

As AC SPD suppliers in China, we continually advance our technology to meet diverse lightning protection needs and deliver the best surge protectors to our customers.

Why Choose LSP As Your Surge Protection Supplier?

LSP stands out among ac spd manufacturers in china, offering reliable, certified surge protection solutions and expert support to ensure your systems are always safe and operational.
Surge protective device SPD manufacturer workshop

Professional Manufacturing

Our manufacturing processes strictly adhere to ISO9001, ensuring compliance and efficiency. Our surge protectors are fully certified with TUV, CB, and CE, guaranteeing superior quality and suitability for global markets.

Surge protective device SPD research and development R&D

Innovative R&D Strength

In the electrical field, we have independent R&D capabilities. Our R&D team, with 20 years of experience, provides technical support to help you realize your technical visions.

Surge Protective Device SPD Impulse Test

Rigorous Quality Control

Our quality control system integrates advanced testing procedures, including lightning impulse tests and multiple durability evaluations, to ensure SPD reliability under surges, heat, corrosion, and fire risks. Consistency checks on solder durability and unified welding temperatures further guarantee long-term stability and safety.

Comprehensive Type 2 Surge Protection Device SPD You Can Trust

Comprehensive Marketing Support

We offer more to our valued customers! Including high-quality corrugated cardboard packaging, 3D animation materials for marketing, and regulatory and certification support.

Surge protective device SPD manufacturer Customer meeting

Assured Product Guarantee

We also provide 7-day return and 30-day exchange policy. Shipping costs and duties are covered by us during the warranty period.

Surge Protective Device SPD Manufacturers Transportation

Reliable Fast Delivery

Our experienced team manages inventory and production, maintaining a steady stock of materials to handle peak periods. We complete and ship regular orders within 15 days and custom orders within 30 days, maintaining a 96% on-time rate!

The Trusted Partner for Businesses Seeking Certified AC Surge Protector Device

We hold TUV, CB, CE, and ISO 9001 certifications. Our SPDs are tested to IEC/EN 61643-11 and IEC/EN 61643-31 standards.

Comprehensive AC Surge Protector Solutions for Multiple Industries

Our AC surge protector solutions serve diverse sectors: datacenters, LED systems, security systems, industrial installations, wind turbines, domestic and industrial photovoltaics, solar farms, energy storage, and water treatment facilities.

As surge protector suppliers, we empower multiple industries with customized protection and proven expertise.

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What Our Customers Say about LSP's AC Surge Protector

FAQ About AC Surge Protector

What is an AC surge protector and why is it necessary?

An AC Surge Protector (or SPD) is a safety device designed to limit transient overvoltages and divert surge currents away from sensitive equipment. It is necessary because even minor power surges caused by lightning or grid switching can degrade electronic components over time, leading to premature failure, data loss, and costly downtime.

What is the difference between Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 AC surge protectors?

The types are defined by their installation location and the level of energy they can handle:
Type 1: Installed at the main service entrance to protect against direct lightning strikes (10/350 μs waveform).
Type 2: Installed at sub-distribution boards to protect against indirect lightning and switching surges (8/20 μs waveform).
Type 3: Installed close to terminal equipment (e.g., PLCs, PCs) for “fine” protection against residual overvoltages.

How do I choose the right AC surge protector for my electrical system?

To select the correct AC Surge Protector, you must consider four key factors:
Installation location: Determine whether the SPD is at the main service entrance (Type 1 / Type 1+2), at a distribution board (Type 2), or near sensitive equipment (Type 3 / Type 2+3). This is what selects the type.
Supply system: Identify if your network is TN, TT, or IT.
Surge risk: Evaluate the lightning risk and whether the building has an external lightning rod (requires Type 1).
Voltage protection level (Up): Ensure the SPD’s Up is lower than the impulse withstand voltage of your equipment.

How do I choose the correct Uc (Max. Continuous Operating Voltage) rating?

The Uc rating of an AC Surge Protector must be higher than the maximum possible voltage of your power grid, including potential fluctuations. For a standard 230V AC system, a Uc of 275V or higher is typically recommended to prevent the SPD from activating under normal voltage swells, which would shorten its lifespan.

When should I use a Type 1+2 AC surge protector instead of a standalone Type 2?

A Type 1+2 AC Surge Protector is ideal for compact distribution boards where space is limited but high-energy protection is still required. It is recommended for buildings with an external lightning protection system or those fed by overhead lines, as it handles both direct lightning currents and induced surges in a single coordinated module.

Does an AC surge protector need backup overcurrent protection?

Yes. Every AC Surge Protector should be installed with a dedicated SSD (SPD-specific protection device, formerly referred to as SCB) upstream, unless the existing upstream protection is already below the manufacturer’s specified maximum value. The SSD ensures the SPD is safely disconnected from the grid in the event of a short circuit or thermal end-of-life condition. SSD is selected to match the SPD rating and the short-circuit capacity of the installation.

Where should an AC surge protector be installed for maximum effectiveness?

For the best results, the AC Surge Protector should be installed as close as possible to the point of entry or the equipment being protected. The lead wires (connecting cables) must be kept as short as possible (ideally under 0.5 meters) to minimize inductive voltage drops, which can significantly reduce the SPD’s actual protection level.

How do I know when an AC surge protector needs to be replaced?

LSP AC Surge Protectors feature a visual status window. A Green window indicates the device is functional, while a Red window means the internal components have degraded and the module must be replaced. For critical systems, we also recommend using SPDs with remote signaling to alert maintenance teams immediately upon failure.

Can I use an AC surge protector on a DC system?

No. AC surge protectors are designed, tested, and certified to IEC/EN 61643-11 for AC systems. DC circuits have no natural zero crossing, so the arc-extinguishing and follow-current behaviors are different. Using an AC SPD on a DC circuit can fail to protect and may be unsafe. For DC systems, use a dedicated DC surge protector that is tested to the appropriate DC standard.

Which AC surge protector fits a TT, TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, or IT system?

The selection depends on your earthing system, because the earthing system determines the SPD’s pole configuration and how the N–PE path is protected. The table below shows the typical configuration for LSP’s SLP40-275 Type 2 series across the five most common systems:

Earthing system Typical pole configuration Example (Type 2, SLP40-275)
TN-S (3-phase) 4 poles (L1, L2, L3, N to PE) SLP40-275/4(s)
TN-S (3-phase) with separate N–PE protection 3+1 (three L paths + one GDT on N to PE) SLP40-275/3(s)+1
TN-C (3-phase) 4 poles (L1, L2, L3, PEN combined) SLP40-275/4(s)
TT (3-phase) 3+1 (three L paths + one GDT on N to PE) SLP40-275/3(s)+1
TN-C-S (mixed) 4 poles at main incoming, then 3+1 at sub-distribution Main: SLP40-275/4(s); Sub: SLP40-275/3(s)+1
IT (3-phase, no neutral) 3 poles only (3+0) — L1, L2, L3 to PE SLP40-275/3(s)

In short: for an IT system, only three-pole devices (3+0) are used because the IT system has no neutral conductor — only three phase lines, each protected to PE. For the other systems, the “+1” suffix indicates that the neutral-to-PE path is protected by a dedicated GDT stage rather than a MOV, which is the recommended pattern when the N–PE link is exposed or when the system requires spark-gap behavior on the neutral.

AC Surge Protector (AC SPD): A Complete Guide to Types, Selection, and Applications

Table of Contents

What Is an AC Surge Protector? (A Simple Explanation)

A simple way to understand it: an AC surge protector works like a pressure relief valve on a water pipe.
In normal conditions, the valve stays closed and water flows through the pipe normally. When pressure suddenly spikes — the way a lightning strike or a switching event spikes your electrical voltage — the valve opens and releases the excess pressure before it can burst the pipe. Once pressure returns to normal, the valve closes again.

An AC surge protector does the same job for your electrical system. In normal conditions it sits quietly and lets power flow through. When a surge arrives, it opens a low-resistance path that diverts the excess voltage to ground, protecting the equipment connected downstream. When the surge passes, it returns to its high-resistance state.

You need one because even small, repeated surges slowly degrade electronic components. The damage does not always show up as an immediate failure. It builds up over time, and then one day the equipment fails prematurely.

A simple way to understand it: an AC surge protector works like a pressure relief valve on a water pipe.

AC Surge Protector Definition and Working Principle

An AC Surge Protector, or Surge Protection Device (SPD), is a device installed in AC power distribution systems to limit transient overvoltages and divert surge currents away from protected equipment. It connects in parallel with the circuit it protects. Under normal operating voltage, the device presents a high impedance and draws no significant current. When a transient overvoltage exceeds the device’s threshold, the internal protective element conducts and creates a low-impedance path, diverting the surge current to earth. After the transient passes, the device returns to its high-impedance state.
How the protection works in sequence:
A lightning strike or switching event produces a transient overvoltage on the line.
The SPD’s voltage-limiting element (typically a metal oxide varistor, MOV) begins to conduct when the voltage exceeds its threshold.
The surge current is diverted to ground through the SPD.
The voltage across the protected equipment is limited to the SPD’s voltage protection level (Up).
When the transient ends, the SPD returns to its high-impedance state, ready for the next event.
The key engineering point is the difference between AC and DC systems. An AC voltage naturally crosses zero twice per cycle, which helps extinguish any arc. A DC voltage has no natural zero crossing, so DC surge protection requires different handling of arc and follow current. An AC surge protector is designed and tested specifically for AC systems and must not be used on DC circuits.

What Is an AC Surge Protector Made Of?

An AC surge protector is built from a small number of carefully selected materials and components. Understanding what is inside helps you evaluate quality and predict how the device will behave over years of service.
The main components are:

Metal oxide varistor (MOV). This is the core protection element. A MOV is composed of non-linear zinc oxide grains embedded in a ceramic matrix, connected between metal electrodes. Its resistance drops sharply when the voltage across it exceeds a threshold, allowing it to conduct the surge current and limit the voltage. In surge protectors, MOVs are typically square-shaped for Type 1 and Type 2 designs (where they handle higher energy), and disc-shaped for Type 3 and signal SPDs (where the energy class is lower).

Gas discharge tube (GDT). A sealed tube filled with inert gas, with two or more electrodes separated by a defined gap. Under normal voltage the gas is non-conductive; when a transient overvoltage exceeds the breakdown level, the gas ionizes and the GDT becomes a low-impedance path for high-energy surges, such as direct lightning currents. GDTs are used across all Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 AC SPDs and in signal SPDs, often coordinated with the MOV in a multi-stage defense.
How MOV and GDT work together in an AC SPD. In a voltage-limiting type SPD, the MOV handles the bulk of the surge energy and limits the voltage. In a voltage-switching type SPD, a GDT or a graphite spark gap provides the switching action. In a combination type SPD — a typical “3+1” configuration where three MOV paths are combined with one GDT path on the neutral — both work in coordination: the GDT handles the highest-energy events (direct lightning), and the MOV handles the rest of the surge and the residual clamping.
Thermal disconnect (low-temperature solder joint). This is the safety mechanism. During a surge event, the MOV conducts current and heats up. If the MOV is damaged or reaches end of life, the temperature of the internal assembly continues to rise. The low-temperature solder joint is designed to melt at a controlled temperature. When it melts, a green separator plate is pushed out by spring force, mechanically disconnecting the degraded MOV from the metal electrode. The MOV is then permanently isolated from the circuit, so a failed module cannot cause overheating.
Flame-retardant plastic enclosure. The housing is made of PA6 with 30% glass fiber reinforcement, a thermoplastic rated UL 94 V-0 for flame retardance. This material provides the mechanical strength and fire resistance the SPD needs over years of service.
Metal conductors. Inside the SPD, the surge-current-carrying paths use red copper for high conductivity, and the external conductive surfaces are plated with matte tin for corrosion resistance and reliable contact. These material choices, together with the standardized 0.8 mm thick × 8 mm wide lead pins, are common across all LSP AC surge protector models.
Status indicator and remote signaling. A visual status window shows the device status — green for functional, red for end-of-life. Some models also provide a remote signaling contact (a changeover contact) that reports the status to a monitoring system.

MOV vs Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) vs Graphite Spark Gap: Key Differences

Three core protection technologies appear in low-voltage AC surge protectors: the metal oxide varistor (MOV), the gas discharge tube (GDT), and the graphite spark gap. In modern designs they are usually complementary, each handling a different part of the surge problem. In IEC/EN 61643-11, an SPD built around one of these is classified as voltage-limiting, voltage-switching, or combination type.

Metal oxide varistor (MOV) — voltage-limiting element:
How it works: A ceramic semiconductor whose resistance drops continuously as voltage rises. It begins conducting near its rated voltage, without a sharp on/off threshold.
Response: Fast. It clamps quickly, making it suitable for the frequent, lower-energy surges.
Strength: Precise voltage limiting (low Up), no follow current, self-resetting.
Limitation: It degrades gradually with each surge; its capacity to absorb energy is finite over its lifetime.
Gas discharge tube (GDT) — voltage-switching element:
How it works: A sealed tube filled with inert gas. When voltage exceeds the breakdown level, the gas ionizes and conducts. It has a distinct “trigger” threshold.
Response: Slower to trigger, but capable of carrying very high currents.
Strength: Very high surge current capacity, ideal for direct lightning currents (Type 1 / Type 1+2); consistent breakdown voltage thanks to the controlled gas chemistry.
Limitation: Once triggered, it can allow a “follow current” (the normal AC current continuing to flow through the ionized gas) that must be extinguished. In AC designs, the GDT is therefore used together with a coordinated MOV.
Graphite spark gap — older voltage-switching design:
How it works: Two electrodes separated by an air gap, with carbon (graphite) on the electrode faces. When voltage exceeds the gap’s breakdown level, an arc forms in the air and conducts.
Strength: Simple, rugged, low material cost; capable of high peak currents.
Limitation: Breakdown voltage drifts with electrode wear and contamination, so the trigger point is less precise over time. The graphite material erodes with each arc, so the device’s parameters shift gradually. In modern low-voltage AC surge protection, graphite spark gaps are less common than they used to be, but they still appear in some designs.
GDT vs graphite spark gap — a quick comparison. Both rely on the spark-gap / gas-ionization principle. The difference is in the raw material: a GDT uses a sealed inert gas in a controlled environment, while a graphite spark gap uses a carbon-based arc in open air. The GDT gives more repeatable trigger voltage and longer service life; the graphite gap gives lower cost and a simpler structure. For high-spec or long-life installations, GDT-based designs are usually preferred; for cost-sensitive or rugged service, graphite-gap designs can still be appropriate.
How they coordinate in a real AC SPD. A voltage-limiting design uses the MOV alone. A voltage-switching design uses the GDT (or graphite gap) alone. A combination design — a typical “3+1” wiring where three MOV paths are combined with one GDT path on the neutral — uses both: the GDT handles the highest-energy events (direct lightning), and the MOV handles the rest of the surge and the residual clamping.
The key difference for your selection decision: if your installation faces direct lightning exposure at the main service entrance, you need the high energy capacity that a GDT-based Type 1 or Type 1+2 design provides. If you are protecting a distribution board against induced and switching surges, an MOV-based Type 2 device is the common choice. If you are using a combination design (3+1) for compact distribution boards where both lightning and switching protection are required, verify that the GDT and MOV stages are properly coordinated.

AC Surge Protector Installation and Maintenance

A surge protector is not a “fit and forget” device. How you install it and how you maintain it directly affect how well it protects your equipment.
Installation principles:
Install as close to the point of entry or protected equipment as possible. The connection leads should be kept as short as possible (ideally under 0.5 meters). Long leads add inductance, which raises the effective voltage protection level and reduces protection.
Connect according to the earthing system. The wiring and pole configuration must match your system type (TT, TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, IT). Incorrect wiring reduces protection or causes the device to operate incorrectly.
Provide backup overcurrent protection. Install a dedicated SSD (SPD-specific protection device, formerly called SCB) upstream so the SPD can be safely disconnected during a short circuit or thermal end-of-life.
Ground properly. The SPD’s earth connection must tie into the main earthing / equipotential bonding system. A poor ground connection means the diverted surge current has no clean path to earth.
Respect coordination distances. When Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are used in series, the cable length between them provides natural coordination. The recommended separation is more than 10 meters of cable between the two SPDs. If the actual separation is less than 10 meters, a decoupling inductor must be added between the two SPDs to ensure proper coordination — for the exact inductor specification, contact LSP engineering support.
Maintenance principles:
Check the status indicator regularly. A green window means functional; a red window means the module has reached end of life and must be replaced.
Replace degraded modules promptly. A MOV degrades with each surge. When the indicator shows red — or a remote signal reports a fault — replace the module. A spent SPD offers no protection.
Inspect after significant lightning events. After a severe storm, check the indicators and the surrounding equipment. This catches degradation early.
Keep records. Note installation dates, replacement dates, and any surge events. This helps you predict when modules are due for replacement.

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